![]() Virtual reality (VR)-simulation technology that allows users to become immersed in and interact with a 3D, computer-generated environment in real time-has been discussed in the context of medical and surgical education for decades. Teaching within the operating room itself has served as a solution for many years, but is problematic, due to the ethical and safety concerns that arise in introducing inexperienced trainees to complicated procedures in high pressure environments. However, these models may not as accurately represent the surgical environment or require sufficient access to resources that may not always be freely available and, in some cases, can only be used once, i.e. The surgical field of orthopaedics has a well-established history in the area of simulation, and these tasks largely involve low-fidelity models, or the use of wet or dry labs for anatomical learning. Simulation is an essential component in medical education, in that it allows trainees to develop the skills required in an environment that does not compromise patient safety. To provide conclusive justification for its inclusion in surgical training, this study recommends that future research follows trainees using VR into the operating room, to determine that VR teaches skills that are transferable onto actual surgeries, subsequently leading to better patient outcomes. However, long-term analysis of the results of VR training on surgical trainees has yet to be conducted. This study demonstrates the potential for VR simulation as a training aid in orthopaedics and encourages its use alongside conventional teaching methods. VR provides a modern and immersive teaching tool that can develop skills and give confidence to trainees. Although significance between intervention and control was not always achieved, most studies found that the intervention outperformed the control. Forty-seven outcomes were measured, focusing on skill and proficiency assessment. Control groups included VR, cadaver and benchtop simulators. Four hundred and thirty-one participants were included. ResultsĪ total of 16 studies from 140 titles were identified, across 6 specialty areas. Data synthesis was performed through narrative analysis due to the heterogeneous nature of the data. MethodsĪ systemic review of databases Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials focusing on VR training against conventional training in orthopaedic surgery was performed. This study aims to conduct a systematic review to investigate the efficacy of VR in orthopaedic training, against current methods. The field of orthopaedics is yet to include VR in core teaching, despite its advantages as a teaching aid, particularly against current simulation tools. Virtual reality (VR) simulation provides users with an immersive, 3D experience that can be used to allow surgical trainees to practice skills and operations in a safe yet realistic environment.
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